Perspectives of military-affiliated women on lethal means safety: A systematic review

Women represent the fastest-growing cohort in the U.S. military, yet they face a disproportionate rise in suicide rates compared to civilian counterparts. This systematic review synthesized qualitative and quantitative data from 14 studies to understand perspectives on lethal means safety (LMS). Findings indicate that military-affiliated women value autonomy and privacy, often fearing that disclosing mental health struggles or securing firearms could lead to institutional repercussions or loss of rights. Furthermore, while firearms remain a high-lethality risk, women are more likely than men to utilize poisoning (medication) as a method. Effective LMS interventions must involve trusted messengers, emphasize voluntary storage, and address the specific cultural identity of women within the military framework.